The African College of Neuropsychopharmacology (AfCNP) was founded to advance neuroscience, psychiatry, and psychopharmacology research, education, and clinical practice across Africa. Inspired by the International College of Neuropsychopharmacology (CINP) and regional bodies such as the American (ACNP), European (ECNP), and Asian (AsCNP) colleges, African leaders in mental health convened the inaugural AfCNP Congress in Nairobi, Kenya, in 2015, setting in motion annual congresses and the drafting of a constitution. Subsequent meetings were held in Stellenbosch (2016), Kampala (2017), Cape Town (2018), Eldoret (2019), and virtually in 2020 due to COVID-19, with the constitution formally adopted in 2018 and leadership transitions ensuring organizational growth.